What is Hidradenitis Suppurativa?

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin condition that causes painful, inflamed bumps—often in areas where skin rubs together, such as the underarms, groin, buttocks, and under the breasts. These bumps can resemble boils, may break open and drain fluid, and sometimes lead to scarring or tunneling under the skin. HS is not caused by poor hygiene and is believed to involve inflammation of hair follicles and immune system dysfunction. Infections may occur but are not usually the primary inciting event for HS flares.

Common hidradenitis suppurativa symptoms

Symptoms often develop gradually and may include:

  • Painful lumps under the skin
  • Blackheads or double-headed pimples
  • Leaking bumps or abscesses with foul-smelling drainage
  • Scarring or thickened skin in areas of repeated flare-ups
  • Tunnels (sinus tracts) forming under the skin

Self-care tips

While there is no cure for HS, lifestyle changes can help reduce flares and improve comfort:

  • Wearing loose-fitting, breathable clothing
  • Gently cleansing skin with non-irritating, antibacterial washes
  • Avoiding shaving in affected areas
  • Maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding smoking
  • Using warm compresses during flare-ups for relief

Specialty medications

For moderate to severe HS, specialty medications can reduce inflammation, prevent new lesions, and promote healing. These treatments target specific pathways in the immune system that drive chronic inflammation.

Common side effects may include headaches, injection site reactions, nausea, or increased risk of infection. Rare side effects from specialty medications can be more serious (refer to manufacturer’s information for more details). Be sure to report any fever, chills, or unusual skin changes to your healthcare provider.

Medications used for hidradenitis suppurativa

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